Antibiotics in Nigeria (https://nnast.org/the-state-of-antibiotics-in-nigeria-usage-access-and-challenges/) are widely used for treating common bacterial infections, but their effectiveness is increasingly being challenged due to misuse, self-medication, and over-the-counter availability without proper prescriptions. In many cases, antibiotics are taken for viral infections like flu or cold, where they have no benefit, contributing to growing resistance. This has led to rising concerns about treatment failures, longer illness duration, and higher healthcare costs. Discussions around Antibiotics in Nigeria also highlight gaps in regulation, public awareness, and diagnostic testing, which are key factors influencing how these medicines are used across hospitals and communities.